Improvement of functional physical capacity, risk management and home safety for older adults
Main Article Content
Keywords
Aged, Accidental Falls, Exercise, Test Timed up and Go, Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool
Abstract
Introduction: The impact on the health system and costs associated with the demand for care due to falls in older adults are the result of intrinsic and extrinsic factors; 30% present fractures, head trauma, and complications that affect their quality of life and autonomy.
Objective: To evaluate changes in functional physical capacity and home safety and risk management among older adults.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with older adults with mild limitations (15) and at risk of falls (12). The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to assess physical limitations, and the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT v.5) was used to evaluate home safety risks.
Results: Improved functional physical capacity (p < 0.05) with a significant reduction in the time required to complete the TUG test. Reduced risk of falls at home (p < 0.05) with improved home safety management and a significant reduction in scores assessed using the HSSAT tool.
Conclusions: The combination of the Vivifrail multicomponent physical exercise program and educational intervention was effective in improving functional mobility and reducing the risk of falls and improving safety in older adults at home.
References
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Ríos-Fraustro C, Galván-Plata ME, Gómez-Galicia DL, et al. Factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos asociados con caídas en adultos mayores: estudio de casos y controles en México. Gac Med Mex. 2021;157(2):133–9. doi: 10.24875/gmm.20000111
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Valderrama-Hinds LM, Snih S Al, Chen NW, et al. Falls in Mexican older adults aged 60 years and older. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30 (11):1345. doi:10.1007/s40520-018-0950-9
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Orts-Cortés MI, Cabañero-Martínez MJ, Meseguer-Liza C, et al. Effectiveness of nursing interventions in the prevention of falls in older adults in the community and in health care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT. Enferm Clin. 2024;34(1):4–13. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2024.01.001
Casas-Herrero Á, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Antón-Rodrigo I, et al. Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(2):884–93. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12925
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Instituto Nacional de Geriatría. Guía de instrumentos de evaluación geriátrica integral [Internet]. México; 2020 [citado el 28-10-2024]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/inger/documentos/guia-de-instrumentos-de-evaluacion-geriatrica-integral
Ugarte LL. J, Vargas R. F, Ugarte LL. J, Vargas R. F. Sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba Timed Up and Go. Tiempos de corte y edad en adultos mayores. Rev Med Chil. 2021;149(9):1302–10. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872021000901302
Tomita MR, Saharan S, Rajendran S, et al. Psychometrics of the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2014;68(6):711–8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2014.010801
Machiko R. Tomita. [Internet]. Herramienta de autoevaluación de seguridad en el hogar (HSSAT) v.5: c2017 [citado el 17-01-2025]. Disponible en: https://n9.cl/jp8m0
Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 2021;25(7):824–53. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8
Cisterna-Zenteno C del C, Díaz-Larenas CH. Estilos de aprendizaje predominantes en adultos mayores: una primera aproximación. Perspectiva Educacional. 2022;61(1):181–95. doi: 10.4151/07189729-vol.61-iss.1-art.1237
Cho BY, Seo DC, Lin HC, et al. BMI and Central Obesity With Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54(4):e59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.020
Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, et al. Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age (Omaha). 2014;36(2):773–85. doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9586-z
Sherrington C, Fairhall N, Wallbank G, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: An abridged Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(15):885–91. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101512
Clemson L, Stark S, Pighills AC, et al. Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023; 10;3(3):CD013258. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd013258.pub2
Stark S, Keglovits M, Arbesman M, et al. Effect of home modification interventions on the participation of community-dwelling adults with health conditions: A systematic review. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2017;71(2). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.018887
Hopewell S, Copsey B, Nicolson P, et al. Multifactorial interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 trials and almost 20 000 participants. Br J Sports Med. 2019;54(22):1340–50. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100732
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. [Internet]. Envejecimiento y salud; c2024 [citado el 28-10-2024]. Disponible en: https://n9.cl/retsd
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Nota técnica: Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica (ENADID) [Internet]. 3a. ed. México; 2023 [citado el 28-10-2024]. Disponible en: https://n9.cl/44b20
Concha-Cisternas Y, Vargas-Vitoria R, Celis-Morales C. Cambios morfofisiológicos y riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor: una revisión de la literatura. Revista Salud Uninorte. 2020; 36:450-470. doi: 10.14482/sun.36.2.618.97
García-Hedrera FJ, Noguera-Quijada C, Sanz-Márquez S, et al. Incidencia y características de las caídas de pacientes hospitalizados: estudio de cohortes. Enferm Clin. 2021; 31:381–9. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.04.006
Ríos-Fraustro C, Galván-Plata ME, Gómez-Galicia DL, et al. Factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos asociados con caídas en adultos mayores: estudio de casos y controles en México. Gac Med Mex. 2021;157(2):133–9. doi: 10.24875/gmm.20000111
Organización Mundial de la Salud. [Internet]. Caídas; c2021 [citado el 28-10-2024]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/falls
Agudelo-Botero M, Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Murillo-González JC, et al. Factors associated with occasional and recurrent falls in Mexican community-dwelling older people. PLoS One. 2018;13(2): e0192926. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192926
Valderrama-Hinds LM, Snih S Al, Chen NW, et al. Falls in Mexican older adults aged 60 years and older. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30 (11):1345. doi:10.1007/s40520-018-0950-9
Colón-Emeric CS, McDermott CL, Lee DS, et al. Risk Assessment and Prevention of Falls in Older Community-Dwelling Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2024;331(16):1397–406. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.1416
Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Wong JB, et al. Interventions to Prevent Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2024;332(1):51–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.8481
Collerton J, Kingston A, Bond J, et al. The personal and health service impact of falls in 85 year olds: cross-sectional findings from the Newcastle 85+ cohort study. PLoS One. 2012;7(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033078
Terrazas-Rodríguez LD, Díaz-Ahuactzi MG, Terrazas-Rodríguez LD, et al. Funcionalidad familiar y riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores hospitalizados. Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey. 2024;28. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552024000100010&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Almas JL, Lucchetti G, Nascimento EDO, et al. Preventing Falls in Older Adults With Educational Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Gerontologist. 2025;65(6). doi: 10.1093/geront/gnaf105
Orts-Cortés MI, Cabañero-Martínez MJ, Meseguer-Liza C, et al. Effectiveness of nursing interventions in the prevention of falls in older adults in the community and in health care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT. Enferm Clin. 2024;34(1):4–13. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcle.2024.01.001
Casas-Herrero Á, Sáez de Asteasu ML, Antón-Rodrigo I, et al. Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(2):884–93. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12925
Izquierdo M, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, et al. Programa de ejercicio físico multicomponente Vivifrail. 2017. Disponible en: https://vivifrail.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/VIVIFRAILESPInteractivo.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Geriatría. Guía de instrumentos de evaluación geriátrica integral [Internet]. México; 2020 [citado el 28-10-2024]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/inger/documentos/guia-de-instrumentos-de-evaluacion-geriatrica-integral
Ugarte LL. J, Vargas R. F, Ugarte LL. J, Vargas R. F. Sensibilidad y especificidad de la prueba Timed Up and Go. Tiempos de corte y edad en adultos mayores. Rev Med Chil. 2021;149(9):1302–10. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872021000901302
Tomita MR, Saharan S, Rajendran S, et al. Psychometrics of the Home Safety Self-Assessment Tool (HSSAT) to prevent falls in community-dwelling older adults. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2014;68(6):711–8. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2014.010801
Machiko R. Tomita. [Internet]. Herramienta de autoevaluación de seguridad en el hogar (HSSAT) v.5: c2017 [citado el 17-01-2025]. Disponible en: https://n9.cl/jp8m0
Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE, et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. 2021;25(7):824–53. doi: 10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8
Cisterna-Zenteno C del C, Díaz-Larenas CH. Estilos de aprendizaje predominantes en adultos mayores: una primera aproximación. Perspectiva Educacional. 2022;61(1):181–95. doi: 10.4151/07189729-vol.61-iss.1-art.1237
Cho BY, Seo DC, Lin HC, et al. BMI and Central Obesity With Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Am J Prev Med. 2018; 54(4):e59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.020
Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, et al. Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age (Omaha). 2014;36(2):773–85. doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9586-z
Sherrington C, Fairhall N, Wallbank G, et al. Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: An abridged Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(15):885–91. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101512
Clemson L, Stark S, Pighills AC, et al. Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023; 10;3(3):CD013258. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd013258.pub2
Stark S, Keglovits M, Arbesman M, et al. Effect of home modification interventions on the participation of community-dwelling adults with health conditions: A systematic review. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2017;71(2). doi: 10.5014/ajot.2017.018887
Hopewell S, Copsey B, Nicolson P, et al. Multifactorial interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 trials and almost 20 000 participants. Br J Sports Med. 2019;54(22):1340–50. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100732
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Published
December 31 2025
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Investigación
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How to Cite
1.
Rojas-Morales A, Torres-Pedroza AJ, Balcázar-Rueda E, Sarao-Acosta SA. Improvement of functional physical capacity, risk management and home safety for older adults. Rev Enferm Inst Mex Seguro Soc [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 31 [cited 2026 Jan. 8];34(1):e1551. Available from: https://revistaenfermeria.imss.gob.mx/index.php/revista_enfermeria/article/view/1551