Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in adolescents
Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, AdolescentsAbstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasing disease among adolescents and of great concern, since in most cases it remains undiagnosed for a long time. When identified its therapeutic management is difficult and impacts the quality of life of patients.
Objective: To describe the risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents attending public educational institutions.
Methods: Cross-sectional analitical study in which 264 adolescents aged 12-18 years of both sexes were engaged. Six noninvasive risk factors were studied: body mass index by age and sex, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, maternal history of gestational diabetes, low birth weight.
Results: 76 % of the participants have a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 26 % are overweight and obese, 27 % acanthosis nigricans, 11 % hypertension, 2 % maternal history of gestational diabetes, 10 % low birth weight; 14 % do not show any risk factors, 17 % had three or more factors. Of those with overweight and obese 58 % had two or more risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions: Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified in adolescents from 12 to 18 years. Nurses are the patient’s first contact with the health system therefore they play an important role for health education activities and identification of risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes in childhood and adolescence.
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