e-ISSN: 2448-8062
ISSN: 0188-431X
Open Journal Systems
Reemplazo de los termómetros y tensiómetros de mercurio en la atención de la salud. Guía técnica
Resumen
El mercurio metálico se ha utilizado durante décadas en termómetros y tensiómetros, en el escenario de la atención de la salud. El mercurio se encuentra en forma natural en la corteza terrestre y se libera durante las erupciones volcánicas, y como subproducto de las actividades humanas, tales como la combustión del carbón, la minería y el refinamiento de los metales
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDFReferencias
Organización Mundial de la Salud. El mercurio en el sector salud. Documento de política general. OMS: Ginebra, 2005. [En línea] http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/mercurio_es.pdf [Consultado 10/12/2012].
Parati G, Mendis S, Abegunde D, Asmar R, Mieke S, Murray A, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measuring devices for office/clinic use in low resource settings. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10(1):3-10.
Parati G, Kilama MO, Faini A, Facelli E, Ochen K, Opira C, et al. A new solar-powered blood pressure measuring device for low-resource settings. Hypertension. 2010;56(6):1047-53.
Karliner J. Toward the tipping point: WHO–HCWH global initiative to substitute mercury-based medical devices in health care, a two-year progress report. Geneva: World Health Organization: Health Care Without Harm; 2010. [En línea] (http://www.mercuryfreehealthcare.org//Toward_the_Tipping_Point.pdf) [Consultado 15/12/2012].
Mercury-Free Health Care: An initiative to substitute mercury-based medical devices around the world. [En línea] http://www.mercuryfreehealthcare.org [Consultado 11/12/2012].
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Mercury-basic information. [En línea] http://www.epa.gov/mercury/about.htm [Consultado 20/12/2010].
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Mercury Emissions: The Global Context. [En línea] http://www.epa.gov/international/toxics/mercury/mercury_context.html [Consultado 13/12/2012].
Health Canada Mercury Issues Task Group. Mercury: your health and the environment. A resource tool. Ottawa: Health Canada; 2004. [En línea] http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/mercur/index-eng.php [Consultado].
Harvie J, Karliner, Orris P. Mercury-free health care. World Med J. 2008; 54(2):39-45.
United States Environmental Protection Agency; Treatment technologies for mercury in soil, waste, and water. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2007. [En línea] http://www.epa.gov/tio/download/remed/542r07003.pdf [Consultado 21/12/2012].
United States Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicological profile for mercury. 2. Health effects. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1999. [En línea] http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46-c2.pdf [Consultado 18/12/
.
U. S. National Research Council. Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Commission on Life Sciences. Toxicological effects of methylmercury. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter C. Public health and economic consequences of methyl mercury toxicity to the developing brain. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(5):590-6.
Sustainable Hospitals Project. Selecting non-mercury thermometers. [En línea] (http://www.sustainablehospitals.org/HTMLSrc/IP_Merc_FTNonmerc.html. [Consultado 18/12/2012].
Emmanuel J. Guidance on technical specifications for non-mercury medical devices. Global Environment Facility Project on Global Healthcare Waste, United Nations Development Programme; 2010.
Fadzil FM, Choon D, Arumugam K. A comparative study on the accuracy of noninvasive thermometers. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39(4):237-9.
Lowe JC. Axillary electronic and galinstan thermometer measurements: A comparison of their consistency. Thyroid Science. 2009;4(3):CLS1-9.
Crawford DC, Hicks B, Thompson MJ. Which thermometer? Factors influencing best choice for intermittent clinical temperature assessment. J Med Eng Technol. 2006;30(4):199-211.
Guidance on the cleanup, temporary or intermediate storage, and transport of mercury waste from healthcare facilities. United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Development Programme, Global Environment Facility Global Healthcare Waste Project; 2010.
Clinical thermometers—Part 3: Performance of compact electrical thermometers (non-predictive and predictive) with maximum device. European Standard EN 12470-3:2000+A1, June 2009.
Standard specification for electronic thermometer for intermittent determination of patient temperature. ASTM E1112-00, reapproved 2006. See also ASTM E1104 related to clinical thermometer probe covers and sheaths.
Standard specification for phase change-type disposable fever thermometer for intermittent determination of human temperature. ASTM E825-98 (reapproved 2009).
Clinical thermometers—Part 5: Performance of infra-red ear thermometers (with maximum device). European Norm EN 12470-5:2003.
Standard specification for infrared thermometers for intermittent determination of patient temperature. ASTM E1965-98 (reapproved 2009).
Medical electrical equipment—Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance; Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility—requirements and tests. European Norm EN 60601-1.
Markandu ND, Whitcher F, Arnold A, Carney C. The mercury sphygmomanometer should be abandoned before it is proscribed. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14(1):31-6.
Standards for safety, medical and dental equipment, UL 544. Northbrook, IL, Underwriters Laboratories. This UL standard has since been superseded by Medical electrical equipment—Part 1: General requirements for safety, UL 60601-1, and its subsequent revisions, Underwriters Laboratories, 25 April 2003.
World Health Organization. Affordable technology: blood pressure measuring devices for lowresource settings. Geneva: WHO; 2005.
Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks SCENIHR. Mercury sphygmomanometers in healthcare and the feasibility of alternatives. Directorate General for Health and Consumers, European Commission; 2009.
Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18(3):139-85.
Pickering TG, Hall JE, Appel LJ, Falkner BE, Graves J, Hill MN, et al. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals: Part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure Research. Hypertension. 2005;45(1):142-61.
Coleman AJ, Steel SD, Ashworth M, Vowler SL, Shennan A. Accuracy of the pressure scale of sphygmomanometers in clinical use within primary care. Blood Press Monit. 2005;10(4):181-8.
O’Brien E, Waeber B, Parati G, Staessen J, Myers MG. Blood pressure measuring devices: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. BMJ. 2001;322(7285):531-6.
O’Brien E, Pickering T, Asmar R, Myers M, Parati G, Staessen J, et al. Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults. Blood Press Monit. 2002;7(1):3-17.
Wan Y, Heneghan C, Stevens R, McManus RJ, Ward A, Perera R, et al. Determining which automatic digital blood pressure device performs adequately: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(7):431-8.
Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes—Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection. ISO 2859-2:1985.
Galligan C, Morose G, Giordani J. An investigation of alternative to mercury containing products. Lowell, Massachusetts: Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts; 2003.
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
Envíe este artículo por correo electrónico (Inicie sesión)